glutathione injection skin whitening: how does glutathione whiten and brighten the skin?

how does glutathione whiten and brighten the skin?
in addition to keeping our bodies young and health ,glutathione helps to reduce pigmentation in the skin, allowing the skin to appear lighter and brighter. the simplistic explanation of how glutathione works to lighten the skin and reduce hyperpigmentation is that it inhibits an encyme called tyrosinase, which produces melanin, the dark pigment in the skin. the detailed explanation of how glutathione works is as follows:

glutathione-induced inhibition of tyrosinase. glycosylation blocks the maturation and transfer of tyrosinase from GERL(golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome)coated vesicles to the pre-melanosome.
direct inactivation of the enzyme tyrosinase by binding and chelating copper within the enzyme's active site.
the increase of glutathione-reductase activity in the environment of the melanocytes may stimulate the pigment cells to produce phaelmelanin instead of eumelanin pigment. as expected, the lowest levels of reduced glutathione(GSH) were found associated with eumelanin type pigmentation,whereas the highest ones were gound in the skin with phaeomelanin producing melanocytes.
quenching of free radicals and peroxides that contribute to tyrosinase activation and melanin formation.
modulation of depigmenting abilities of melanocytotoxic agents.
research results also indicate that glutathione inhibits the synthesis and aglutination of melanin by interrupting the function of L-DOPA. since DOPA functions as a cofactor in the monophenolase reaction of tyrosinase, it is proposed that the ratio of 5-S-CD to DOPA may be an important factor in the regulation of tyrosinase activity in situ.
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